• In an attempt to complete the overview

  2024-05-24

  

  In an attempt to complete the overview of resistance mechanisms in Spanish codling moth populations, the aims of the present work were to assess the actual occurrence of AChE and kdr mutations in codling moth field populations from different pome fruit-growing areas of Spain, concurrently with the f

• br Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National

  2024-05-24

  

  Acknowledgements This work was supported by the National Key Technology Research and Development Program (2012BAD19B01) and General Financial Grant from the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2015M581754). Introduction Cough is one of the most important defensive reflex brought into actio

• In the current study we

  2024-05-24

  

  In the current study, we provide evidence that enhanced ATX activity correlates well with increased ATX protein concentration during cholestasis and pregnancy (Fig. 1). Hereby we have ruled out the possibility of ATX enzyme activation in these conditions, e.g. by circulating cholephiles. ATX clearan

• br Results br Discussion Autophagy is considered as an impor

  2024-05-24

  

  Results Discussion Autophagy is considered as an important process in physiological and pathological ovarian function. It is related mainly to follicular atresia and CL regression (for review see [20]). However, an involvement in luteal cell survival is also proposed [21], [22]. The present st

• Evidences have suggested that impairment of

  2024-05-24

  

  Evidences have suggested that impairment of CK activity contributes to inhibition of Na+, K+-ATPase and H+-ATPase activities during infectious diseases, since these ATPases are dependent of ATP, as observed by Baldissera et al. [31] in fish experimentally infected by Aeromonas caviae. We observed th

• ATP citrate lyase ACLY is a

  2024-05-24

  

  ATP citrate lyase (ACLY) is a cytosolic enzyme that catalyzes the generation of acetyl-CoA from citrate [15]. Acetyl-CoA is the building block for the biosynthesis of fatty acids and cholesterol, and also serves as a substrate of the acetylation reaction of various molecules, including histones and

• Somatostatin analogs also bind to somatostatin receptors

  2024-05-24

  

  Somatostatin analogs also bind to somatostatin receptors. It has been reported that octreotide has a high affinity for hSSTR2, moderate affinity for hSSTR3 and hSSTR5, and does not bind to hSSTR1 or hSSTR4 (Ben-Shlomo and Melmed 2008). Compared to octreotide, pasireotide displays 40-, 30-, and 5-fol

• Although the exact mechanisms are not fully

  2024-05-24

  

  Although the exact mechanisms are not fully understood, IGF-1 is tightly linked with ER and estrogen actions and a crosstalk occurs between these two systems in breast cancer. To illustrate this close relationship, studies have identified a synergy between IGF-1 and estrogen in SBE 13 HCl receptor e

• There is a delicate balance between ROS generation and

  2024-05-24

  

  There is a delicate balance between ROS generation and scavenging by the protective antioxidant defenses in the cell. Antioxidant systems present in the TC 14012 include enzymes like superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalases, glutathione peroxidases (GPxs) and peroxiredoxins (PRxs) (Fig. 3) [38]. SODs

• The putative residue apelin proprotein proapelin or apelin

  2024-05-24

  

  The putative 55-residue apelin proprotein (proapelin or apelin-55) is processed from a 77-residue preproprotein through removal of a 22-residue signal peptide (Table 1). Apelin-55 is further processed into bioactive isoforms of 36, 17, or 13 residues, likely through protease-mediated mechanisms. To

• br Mechanism of action In

  2024-05-24

  

  Mechanism of action In general, the main targets for antifungal drug development are cell wall polymer (glucans, chitin, mannoproteins), cell membrane (especially ergosterol) biosynthesis, DNA and protein synthesis (topoisomerases, nucleases, elongation factors and myristoylation), and signal tra

• Previous studies demonstrate that chiral biointerface has

  2024-05-24

  

  Previous studies demonstrate that chiral biointerface has great influence on cells adhesion and proteins adsorption [39], [40], [41], [42], [43], which inspired us to further develop antimicrobial materials or surfaces by taking advantage of the “chiral taste” of microbes. L-borneol is a hydrophobic

• br Acknowledgments br Introduction Amyloid deposit formation

  2024-05-24

  

  Acknowledgments Introduction Amyloid deposit formation is defined by the aggregation of β-sheeted forms of proteins that appear as starch-like amorphous material [1], [2]. Using a Kongo red stain, amyloids show birefringence behavior and an apple-green to reddish multicolor emission. Extracere

• Because of the critical roles played

  2024-05-23

  

  Because of the critical roles played by AMPK in energy sensing and cancer cell survival, a huge number of drugs have been proposed to exert their pharmacological effects by means of AMPK activation (Kim and He, 2013). For example, metformin has been shown to activate AMPK in muscle (Sajan et al., 20

• Consideration of the rate of product formation at different

  2024-05-23

  

  Consideration of the rate of product formation at different substrate concentrations and estimation of Michaelis-Menten parameters gives some insight into the possible mechanisms underlying the observed decreases in enzyme activity. Estimates based on two-substrate concentrations lack precision and

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